A rainbow can last for roughly an hour depending on the weather conditions. The sun cannot be blocked by a dark cloud or mountain. Therefore rainy, sunny days are the perfect time to see a rainbow. The angle of the light needs to be at 42 degrees for us to be able to see a rainbow. So, what makes a rainbow? When sunlight passes through drops of rain it creates the rainbow you see in the sky, the light gets reflected and refracted, forming the rainbow colors. There may be up to one million colors, we are just not able to see all these other colors. ![]() This was an easy way to explain colors, but there are more than just seven colors. Newton was a big fan of Pythagoras, who strongly advocated the connection between color and music, he amended it to seven colors to coincide with the number of musical notes. However, to better discuss the colors of the rainbow, Newton initially stated that the spectrum is made up of only five colors. So why are there only seven colors in a rainbow? These particular colors form a visual spectrum, this means there is no distinct color as the colors blend into the next. As the colors pass through a prism, they are bent, or refracted, at different angles, this is what causes the rainbow colors to be visible to the naked eye. While a color like red is 700 nanometers, meaning it has a long wavelength. Wavelengths exist in all colors, and you can use nanometers to measure, so for example, the color violet is 380 nanometers which is a short wavelength. These colors are visible to the naked eye. This illustrates that white light is formed from a large spectrum of colors. As the white light travels move through the prism, the light forms many colors as it refracts. ![]() Sir Isaac Newton, another well-known scientist, contributed to the research of light reflection and refraction with his experiment with glass prisms, which explained the breakdown of white light. Rene Descartes was the initial philosopher to describe light refraction and reflections back in the 17 th century.
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